Each year, approximately 5,000 pedestrians and bicyclists are killed along U.S. roads - 2,300 of them happening at nighttime - and another 70,000 pedestrians are injured in traffic crashes, based on a 2003 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration report.

Latest automotive lighting technologies, including xenon bulbs and Adaptive Front Lighting Systems that utilize led headlights, can help improve nighttime pedestrian protection, based on the Motor Vehicle Lighting Council.

Based on researcher Michael Flannagan of the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, drivers "overdrive" the headlights on most of nowadays vehicles, meaning they are going excessively fast to stop safely within the distance made observable by the headlights.

"The essential security need in low-beam lighting is seeing distance," Flannagan said. "The highest safe speed with today's average low beams is only about 45 mph. Our research point out there's a major security problem that headlights could address."

One probable solution is Xenon headlights, often referred to as blue headlights, these lights are based on a gas discharge process, Xenon uses an arc instead of a filament as a light source. The result is enhanced roadway vision by rising the light output to the sides of the street.

A 2004 University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute experiment revealed that Xenon headlamps offered two times as much light for seeing critical objects on the road while producing 25 percent less glare. The wider beam coverage also provides enhanced lighting on road shoulders, where pedestrians and bicyclists are normally found.

Almost 120 vehicle models built with Xenon headlights were sold in North America in the 2005 model year -; up 21 percent from 2004.

Another emerging headlight technology is AFS or Adaptive Front Lighting System. It provides optimum lighting in a range of driving conditions by automatically changing the beam pattern of the headlights in response to a variety of speed, weather conditions and road situations. The headlamps automatically move as the steering wheel is turned. This helps illuminate the road at an earlier stage, allowing the driver more time to change and steer or brake as required.

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